I. Tom qab
Feem ntau, cov khoom siv kho mob sterilized nrog ethylene oxide yuav tsum tau txheeb xyuas cov chaw nyob yog ze rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov khoom siv kho mob. Ethylene oxide yog lub hlwb nruab nrab ntawm lub cev muaj kev nyuaj siab. Yog tias tiv thaiv daim tawv nqaij, liab thiab o tshwm sim sai sai, blistering tshwm sim tom qab ob peb teev, thiab rov sib cuag dua tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib cuag. Splashing kua rau hauv lub qhov muag tuaj yeem ua rau ua rau pob txha kub nyhiab. Thaum muaj ntev ntev me ntsis, neurasthenia syndrome thiab vegetative hlab ntsha cuam yeem pom tau. Nws tau tshaj tawm tias kev ntsuas mob siab LD50 hauv cov nas yog 330 mg / kg, thiab cov ethylene oxide tuaj yeem nce tus nqi ntawm cov pob txha caj pas hauv nas 1]. Cov nqi tsheb ntau dua ntawm carcinogenicity thiab lub neej tau tshaj tawm hauv cov neeg ua haujlwm raug rau antylene oxide. [2] 2-chloroethanol tuaj yeem ua rau tawv nqaij erthema yog hais tias nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag ntawm daim tawv; Nws tuaj yeem nqus tau percutaneously rau kev ua txhaum. Kev haus cov dej yuav ua rau tuag taus. Mob lub sijhawm ntev ntev tuaj yeem ua rau kev puas tsuaj rau lub nruab nrab ntawm cov hlab hlwb, cov hlab ntshav thiab lub ntsws. Kev tshawb nrhiav thiab txawv teb chaws ntawm ethylene glycol pom zoo tias nws tus mob lom yog tsawg. Nws cov qauv metabolism hauv lub cev yog tib yam li Etabolism, los ntawm cov metabolism ntawm ethanol dehydr thiab lactic acid thiab lactic acid, uas muaj kev lom zem dua. Yog li ntawd, ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov qauv muaj tshwj xeeb cov kev xav tau rau cov seem tom qab kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam ua haujlwm los ntawm ethylene oxide. Piv txwv li, GB / T 16886.7-2015 "Kev ntsuas roj ntsha ntawm Lens Ancitical Lens Part 8: Cov kev xav tau ELSTALLE OXIDE", thiab lwm yam qauv muaj cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntawm cov seem ntawm ethylene oxide thiab 2 -Chloroethanol.gb/ 16886.7-2015, nws tau hais meej meej rau Ethylene Oxide, nws cov kev tso cai tshaj plaws kuj tseem txwv. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom muaj kev nkag siab cov khoom seem (Ethylene Oxide, kev tsheb thauj mus los thiab cov khoom siv kho mob, thiab cov txheej txheem kom tsis muaj menyuam.
Ii. Kev tsom xam ntawm kev tsis huv
Cov txheej txheem ntau lawm ntawm Ethylene oxide tau muab faib ua cov qauv chlorohydrin thiab cov qauv oxidation. Ntawm lawv, chlorohydrin txoj kev yog thaum ntxov ethylene oxide ntau lawm hom. Nws tsuas yog muaj ob txoj kev tshuaj tiv thaiv: thawj kauj ruam: C2h4 + HCLO - Ch2Cl - CH2OH; Kauj ruam thib ob: CH2CL - CH2OH + CAHH2 - CİH4O + H2O. Nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov khoom nruab nrab yog 2-chloroethanol (CH2CL-CH2OH). Vim yog cov tshuab rov qab los ntawm cov qauv chlorohydin, txuas nrog cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov khoom siv loj corrosion, feem ntau cov tuam ntxhab tau raug tshem tawm [4]. Txoj kev oxidation [3] tau muab faib ua huab cua thiab cov txheej txheem oxygen. Raws li cov kev ua yeeb yam sib txawv ntawm cov pa, cov khoom lag luam muaj ob qho kev tshuaj tiv thaiv: 2C2h4 + O2 - 2C2H4O; Kauj ruam thib ob: C2h4 + 3o2 - 2CO2 + H2O. Tam sim no, kev tsim khoom lag luam ntawm ethylene oxide tam sim no, kev lag luam tsim tawm tam sim no, kev lag luam kev txhawb nqa tus txheej txheem ethylene oxiden txheej txheem nrog nyiaj li cov khoom siv. Yog li ntawd, cov txheej txheem ntau lawm ntawm Ethylene oxide yog ib qho kev txiav txim siab qhov ntsuas ntawm 2-chloroethanol tom qab tsis muaj menyuam.
Xa mus rau cov kev cai cuam tshuam hauv GB / T 16886.7-2015 tus qauv los ua kom muaj ethylene kua zaub, feem ntau ntawm cov seem muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv tseem ceeb tom qab kom tsis muaj menyuam. Yam cuam tshuam rau tus nqi ntawm cov seem tsuas yog suav nrog kev ua kom tsis muaj cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv tsis huv, thiab cov xwm txheej saum toj no txiav txim siab khiav tawm muaj peev xwm ntawm ethylene oxide. Nws tau tshaj tawm hauv cov ntawv [5] tias kev muaj lub concentration ntawm ethylene oxide kom tsis muaj menyuam yog xaiv tau li 300-1000Mg.l-1. Cov ntsiab lus poob ntawm ethylene oxide thaum lub sijhawm kom menyuam kawm ntawv suav nrog: adsorption ntawm cov cuab yeej kho mob, nruab nrab ntawm cov av noo nyob hauv cov av noo, thiab lwm yam. Cov concentration ntawm 500-6gg.l-1 yog cov kev lag luam zoo thiab ua tau zoo, txo cov khoom tsis muaj menyuam, txuag tus nqi kom tsis muaj menyuam.
Chlorine muaj ntau cov ntawv thov hauv kev lag luam tshuaj, ntau yam khoom muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog peb. Nws tuaj yeem raug siv los ua nruab nrab, xws li vinyl chloride, lossis ua cov khoom lag luam kawg, xws li tshuaj dawb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tshuaj chlorine kuj tseem muaj nyob hauv huab cua, dej thiab lwm txoj kev ua phem rau tib neeg lub cev kuj pom tseeb. Yog li ntawd, thaum cov khoom siv kho mob uas tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm ethylene oxide, kom tsis muaj menyuam, thiab cov kev ntsuas kom tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, thiab cov kev ntsuas kom muaj txiaj ntsig, thiab cov kev ntsuas kom tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, thiab cov kev ntsuas kom tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo
Nws tau raug tshaj tawm hauv cov ntawv nyeem [6] tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm 2-chloroethanol mus txog ze li ntawm 150 μg) cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm kev saib xyuas cov roj-epsylene, thiab nrog siv cov khoom siv luv luv ntawm cov khoom siv luv luv Hauv tus qauv ntawm GB / T16886.7-2015, koob tshuaj txhua hnub txhua hnub ntawm 2-chloroethanol rau tus neeg mob yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj qhov kev txwv tus nqi hauv tus qauv.
Kev kawm [7] Ntsuas cov khoom seem ntawm ethylene oxide thiab 2-chloroethanol hauv peb hom suture xov, thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm ethyleneasl yog 53.7 μg-1 rau lub suture xov nrog nylon xov Cov. Yy 0167-2005 stipulates qhov txwv ntawm ethylene oxide rau cov kev phais mob uas tsis muaj kev phais mob, thiab tsis muaj kev phais rau 2-chloroethanol. Sutures muaj peev xwm rau cov dej muaj ntau ntawm cov dej muaj nyob hauv cov txheej txheem ntau lawm. Plaub pawg ntawm cov dej ua tau zoo ntawm peb cov hauv av yog siv rau thaj chaw tiv thaiv dej, feem ntau tau kho cov dej ntshiab, tuaj yeem kho cov kab mob hauv dej, siv rau kev tiv thaiv kom tsis muaj menyuam thiab cov kab mob huv si Cov. Nws cov khoom siv tseem ceeb yog calcium hypochlorite, uas yog generated los ntawm kev hla cov tshuaj chlorine los ntawm limestone. Calcium Hypoclorite yog yooj yim degraded nyob rau hauv huab cua, lub ntsiab tshuaj tiv thaiv cov mis yog: CE2 + H2O-CACO3 + 2hclo. hypochlorite yog yooj yim decomposed rau hauv hydrochloric acid thiab dej nyob rau hauv lub teeb, lub ntsiab tshuaj tiv thaiv yog: 2hcllo + teeb-2hcl + o2. 2hcl + O2.Chmlorine tsis zoo ions yog yooj yim adsorbed hauv sutures, thiab nyob rau hauv qee qhov chaw muaj zog, Ethylene Oxide qhib lub nplhaib nrog nws los tsim 2-chloroethanol.
Nws tau raug tshaj tawm hauv cov ntawv nyeem [8] tias cov khoom lag luam 2-chloroethanol ntawm cov tshuaj thiab txiav txim siab los ntawm roj hluav taws xob, tab sis nws tsis tau pom.y0290.8-2008 "Ophalmic Optics Artificial Lens Part 8: Cov Kev Xav Tau Pib "hais tias tus nqi ntawm 2-chloroethanol ntawm ib lub lens, thiab tias tag nrho cov lens yuav tsum tsis pub ntau tshaj 5.0 lub GB / T16886. 7-2015 tus qauv hais tias ovular toxicity tshwm sim los ntawm 2-chloroethanol residue yog 4 npaug ntawm tib theem ntawm ethylene oxide.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus xaus, thaum ntsuas cov seem ntawm cov cuab yeej kho mob tom qab ethylene oxide thiab 2-chloroethanol yuav tsum tau tsom rau, tab sis lawv cov seem yuav tsum tau tshuaj xyuas kev nkag siab raws li qhov xwm txheej tiag tiag.
Thaum lub sijhawm ua kom tsis muaj cuab yeej siv tshuaj kho mob, qee cov ntaub ntawv raw rau ib leeg siv cov khoom siv kho mob lossis siv cov tshuaj txhuam hniav me me (VCM) yuav ua rau cov decomposition ntawm PVC resin Thaum lub sijhawm ua .GB10010-2009 Medical Mos Pvc kav sab xis ntawm VCM tsis tau dhau 1μg.g-1. VCM yooj yim polymerized nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim ntawm catalysts (porticides, thiab lwm yam los tsim polyvinyl chloride Resin, sib sau ua ke ua Vinyl chloride Resin. Vinyl chloride yog yooj yim polymerized nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm catalyst (peroxide, thiab lwm yam los tsim polyvinyl chloride, sib sau ua ke ua vinyl chloride resin. Thaum polyvinyl chloride yog rhuab saum 100 ° C lossis nthuav tawm rau ultraviolet hluav taws xob, muaj qhov ua tau tias cov tshuaj chocolate roj ntau heev. Tom qab ntawd ua ke ntawm hydrogen chloride roj thiab Ethylene Oxide sab hauv lub pob yuav tsim ib qho nqi ntawm 2-chloroethanol.
Ethylene glycol, ruaj khov nyob rau hauv qhov, tsis yog volatile. Cov pa atom nyob rau hauv Ethylene Oxide nqa ob lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab muaj zog los tsim cov ethylene glycole glycoling nrog cov chloride tsis zoo nrog cov chloride tsis zoo nrog cov chloride tsis zoo. Piv txwv li: c2h4o + Nacl + H2O - Ch2Cl - CH2OH + NAOH. Cov txheej txheem no tsis muaj zog ntawm cov reactive kawg thiab ntseeg tau yooj yim ntawm qhov kev tshwm sim tsawg, thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog tsawg. Qhov muaj qhov tseem ceeb dua yog qhov tsim ntawm ethylene glycolene oxolol los ntawm ethylene oxide nyob rau ethylene oxide inchide oxide oxide oxide oxide oxide oxide oxide oxide oxide oxide oxide oxide oxide oxide oxide oxide oxide oxide oxide oxide oxide oxide oxide oxide o ions.
Yog tias chlorine tsis zoo ions tau qhia hauv kev tsim khoom, kom tsis muaj menyuam, muaj qhov ua tau tias Ethylene oxide yuav hnov nrog lawv los ua 2-chloroethanol. Txij li cov qauv chlorohydin tau raug tshem tawm los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntau lawm, nws cov khoom lag luam nruab nrab, 2-chloroethanol, yuav tsis tshwm sim hauv kev ncaj qha oxidation txoj kev. Hauv cov khoom siv kho mob, qee cov ntaub ntawv raw adcerties rau ethylene oxide thiab 2-chloroethanol, yog li kev tswj hwm ntawm lawv cov nyiaj seem yuav tsum yog thaum tshuaj xyuas lawv tom qab ua kom tsis muaj menyuam. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum lub sijhawm tsim cov khoom siv kho mob, cov khoom noj nyoos, tshuaj tiv thaiv neeg ua tsis tau zoo, thiab thaum steriles intericids, thiab thaum steriilized epomic lossis alkaline tej yam kev mob, undergoes tus sn2 Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab sib xyaw nrog cov tshuaj dawb dawb ions kom tsim tau 2-chloroethanol yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab.
Tam sim no, feem ntau siv txoj kev rau kuaj pom ethylene oxide, 2-chloroethanol thiab ethylene glycol yog cov txheej txheem roj av. Ethylene oxide kuj tseem tuaj yeem raug kuaj pom los ntawm cov qauv pinedicetric siv tau cov txiaj ntsig kev sim, tab sis qhov tseeb ntawm cov kev sim siab, xws li ua rau muaj qhov kub ntxhov ntawm 37 ° C hauv Kev sim ib puag ncig kom tswj tau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm ethylene glycol, thiab lub sij hawm tso cov kev daws teeb meem tau sim tom qab cov txheej txheem txhim kho xim. Yog li ntawd, kev paub tseeb kev siv tau (suav nrog qhov tseeb, precision, rhiab, thiab lwm yam) nyob rau hauv ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov kev kuaj pom ntawm cov seem.
III. Reflections ntawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj xyuas
Ethylene oxide, 2-chloroethanol thiab ethylene glycol yog ib qho seem tom qab Ethylene OXIDS kom tsis muaj cov khoom siv kho mob. Txhawm rau nqa tawm cov kev ntsuas seem tseg, cov lus qhia ntawm cov tshuaj muaj feem nyob hauv kev tsim khoom thiab kev khaws khoom ntawm ethylene oxide, kom tsis muaj menyuam ntawm cov khoom siv kho mob yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab.
Muaj ob lwm cov teeb meem uas yuav tsum tau tsom mus rau hauv cov khoom siv kho mob kho mob: 1 Txawm hais tias nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ua qhov ntsuas ntawm 2-chloroethanol. Hauv kev tsim tawm ntawm ethylene oxide, yog tias cov tsoos chlorohydrin roj, txawm hais tias muaj kev limhiam, kev siv hluav taws xob tseem ceeb yuav muaj cov khoom lag luam hauv nruab nrab 2-chloroethanol rau qee yam, thiab nws cov nyiaj seem yuav tsum tau ntsuas. Yog tias cov qauv oxidation yog siv, tsis muaj kev qhia txog 2-chloroethanol, tab sis cov kev sib tw ntawm cov txheej txheem ethylene oxide yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab. Cov cuab yeej kho mob tau siv cov dej muaj ntau ntawm cov khoom lag luam hauv cov khoom lag luam, thiab cov khoom lag luam tsis zoo nyob hauv cov khoom lag luam zoo, uas yog vim li cas thiaj muaj peev xwm ua tau ntawm 2-chloroethanol hauv cov seem. Kuj tseem muaj cov ntaub ntawv raw thiab ntim cov khoom siv kho mob uas muaj cov qauv siv hluav taws xob lossis tsis yooj yim los txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau ua kom muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm 2-chloroethanol Cov seem yuav tsum raug kuaj xyuas kom ntsuas, thiab yog tias muaj pov thawj txaus los qhia txog txoj kev txwv, kev kuaj mob yuav tsis suav nrog kev pheej hmoo ntawm nws. 2. Rau ethylene glycol analytical kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov seem. Piv nrog ethylene oxide thiab 2-chloroethanol, tus hu rau ethylene glycolide kev tsim khoom thiab dej yuav ua rau ethylene oxide thiab dej yog nquag los tsim ethylene glycol, thiab cov Cov ntsiab lus ntawm Ethcol tom qab kom tsis muaj txiaj ntsig yog muaj feem xyuam rau kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam, thiab cov av noo thiab huab cua zoo nkauj yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab raws li qhov xwm txheej tiag tiag Cov. Kev ntsuam xyuas.
Cov qauv yog ib qho ntawm cov cuab yeej rau kev soj ntsuam cov cuab yeej kho mob, kev tsim tawm ntawm cov khoom siv kho mob thiab kev tsim tawm, siv thiab lwm yam ntawm kev txheeb xyuas qhov cuam tshuam the safety and effectiveness of the theory and practice, based on science, based on facts, rather than direct reference to the standard, detached from the actual situation of product design, research and development, production and use. Txoj kev tshuaj xyuas yuav tsum them ntau dua rau cov cuab yeej kho mob zoo rau kev tshuaj xyuas cov kev sib txuas, tib lub sijhawm tshuaj xyuas yuav tsum yog "teeb meem" kev ua si nrog lub luag haujlwm ntawm "qhov muag" rau Txhim kho qhov zoo dua qub, lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas kev tshawb fawb.
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Lub Sijhawm Post: Sep-21-2023